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suiveur?",{"id":3507,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3508,"height":83,"responsiveImage":3509,"blurUpThumb":3510,"title":80,"url":3511,"width":87,"video":80,"format":88},"XCa4uT7eS2icL38ijdfFCw",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3510},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLFQoVDhgVDQ0VDhcQFg0PFxYdGCIVIhUdHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQFS8cFh07Oy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vOy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAZAAABBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAMFBgf\u002FxAAdEAABBQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBBEFMUET\u002F8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQP\u002FxAAaEQACAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACBAADARES\u002F9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDMX0i4dIurQfgGIyNoPiluPiY57RihYwQjFwXHOY3U4mT57hSVxZFHHWBwJICx4uooKg6n\u002F9k=","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1753451966-illustration-cave.jpg",{"id":3513,"_createdAt":3514,"__typename":3382,"slug":3515,"cTitle":3516,"cImage":3517},"N7cOseLcR2ighIOxRt1KTw","2019-05-01T20:00:00-04:00","transfert-d-entreprises-assurer-la-releve-de-votre-entreprise","Transfert 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entreprise",{"id":3518,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3519,"height":83,"responsiveImage":3520,"blurUpThumb":3521,"title":80,"url":3522,"width":87,"video":80,"format":88},"StGoFme6QbaBvTnmNs6-og",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3521},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIDwgWDxIWDhQNDQ0NDRINDQ0NFxUZGBYfFiEaISsjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAMHS8cFh07Oy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFBgABBP\u002FEABwQAAIDAAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMEERITBf\u002FEABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQB\u002F8QAGhEAAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMAAgQREv\u002FaAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AE\u002FRh1zMX453Y2Nmqj0oYIjQquSruAI96GG0xV5HBECSScCiFo3EUxGcz\u002F9k=","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1753451144-race-track-runner.jpg",{"id":3524,"_createdAt":3525,"__typename":3382,"slug":3526,"cTitle":3527,"cImage":3528},"fAmPSMm4TYWpD11fq5x5Qg","2019-03-07T19:00:00-05:00","definir-le-futur-que-nous-voulons-paritaire-inclusif-et-diversifie","Définir le futur que nous voulons: paritaire, inclusif et diversifié",{"id":3529,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3530,"height":3531,"responsiveImage":3532,"blurUpThumb":3533,"title":80,"url":3534,"width":87,"video":80,"format":88},"ORRO1wyMQ5CbEpyH_YbKdQ",{"x":82,"y":82},607,{"base64":3533},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgFCgoFBQwFBQUFBREJCgUMFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABIAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAVAAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB\u002F\u002FEABQQAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD\u002FxAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwL\u002FxAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\u002F9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCjAKsgAAAAAP\u002FZ","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1752880097-daniel-von-appen-276283-unsplash_blue.jpg",{"id":3536,"_createdAt":3537,"__typename":3382,"slug":3538,"cTitle":3539,"cImage":3540},"MX6f4JRhTwyV8oQRHYX2_Q","2018-09-25T20:00:00-04:00","dossier-cannabis","Impacts commerciaux et légaux de la légalisation du cannabis",{"id":3541,"alt":3542,"focalPoint":3543,"height":83,"responsiveImage":3544,"blurUpThumb":3545,"title":80,"url":3546,"width":87,"video":80,"format":88},"eITYyN6cTzup9USXNNX61Q","Cannabis - Légalisation",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3545},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDw0XDgwNDg0TDh8NFhEYFxUZGBYVFhUdHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAKFS8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgMEBf\u002FEAB0QAAIBBQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEDAAIFBhEyBBL\u002FxAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAgD\u002FxAAYEQEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAECEf\u002FaAAwDAQACEQMRAD8ArWXGkUM6E102dC\u002FZ0In+K+vXV0ZLTkjh6d\u002FRhITXDPeeRsuVqW2vQIhFarKGF+iTCTQNNaZ7P\u002F\u002FZ","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1753451178-esteban-lopez-346908-unsplash.jpg",{"page":3548},{"id":653,"type":3549},{"cTitle":670,"id":669},{"page":3551,"noteLegal":3671,"relatedArticles":3672},{"id":653,"_createdAt":655,"seo":3552,"cReadingTime":3555,"cTitle":657,"cArticleTypeSelection":3556,"cAudioFile":3557,"cAuthor":3561,"cImage":3608,"cSummaryTitle":3611,"cSummaryWysiwyg":3612,"cIntro":3613,"cContent":3614,"_allSlugLocales":3665},{"title":3553,"description":3554,"image":80},"Clause pénale : définition, avantages et limites","Découvrez ce qu’est une clause pénale, ses avantages et ses limites, ainsi que les règles applicables en droit québécois.","8",{"cTitle":670,"id":669},{"id":3558,"filename":3559,"url":3560},"NY5mEnvtRgOJKFcVg46sXA","singlecasesanalysisrecord-la-clause-penale-un-outil-contractuel-a-double-tranchant-e1_hick4qjoczlayxwmy9w-0be2bdea-d556-4b2f-98ec-b021a42d0985.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1789670059-singlecasesanalysisrecord-la-clause-penale-un-outil-contractuel-a-double-tranchant-e1_hick4qjoczlayxwmy9w-0be2bdea-d556-4b2f-98ec-b021a42d0985.mp3",[3562,3576,3587,3598],{"id":3563,"slug":3564,"cName":3565,"cTitle":3566,"cPhoto":3567},"SYsqJAkIRKO-ErGbJMPhgw","stephan-charles-grenon","Stéphan Charles-Grenon","Associé, Avocat, Chef du groupe de litige, bureau de Québec",{"id":3568,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3569,"height":3570,"responsiveImage":3571,"blurUpThumb":3572,"title":80,"url":3573,"width":3574,"video":80,"format":3575},"KxLVSTOqRtG3RmC2ZXV1aA",{"x":82,"y":82},864,{"base64":3572},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHEQoICAgLChYLDhgQFQ0NDhIeFhEWFx0gGBYaIhYdHysjHR0oHSEiJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAOHDsdFig7OzsyLy8vNS8vLzY7Ozs7Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vOy8vLy8vLzUvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABgAEQMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAZAAADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQYEBwH\u002FxAAlEAABBAEBCAMAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBBFRBQYhMUFSU5ESExb\u002FxAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAX\u002FxAAZEQADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARICExH\u002F2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA\u002FALCaiZ8lwSetWEE\u002FDVbxvRXlY4txySCpvJVbYzI4c1HGvSulJZfJ2iFj\u002FUbN7moSc9A0jmJvNpxuyeikDtJ9iYuaSMleoWpKpEi04GX3z+Q+0IQljIFM\u002F9k=","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1755117788-stephan-charles-grenon.jpeg",624,"jpeg",{"id":3577,"slug":3578,"cName":3579,"cTitle":3580,"cPhoto":3581},"LBj6aSSmRzO_pWteWC6fvg","isabel-pouliot","Isabel Pouliot","Associée, Avocate",{"id":3582,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3583,"height":3570,"responsiveImage":3584,"blurUpThumb":3585,"title":80,"url":3586,"width":3574,"video":80,"format":3575},"IooTIUvRSEWjpvoOvawSWw",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3585},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLChULFBgVDg0VFRsVDQ0VFx8ZGBYWIiEaHysjHR0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA4OHDscFhw7Ni8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLzUvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABgAEQMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAaAAACAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAECAwUH\u002F8QAIBAAAQUAAgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFEVIVURIhIv\u002FEABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQD\u002F8QAGREAAwEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECEhMR\u002F9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDb2XSSaifRltLKlhiIhd1qo7TTh7RfS1IIdBqfJAbb0NUTzGuJvQFPNV+yAV9YfEnH12NCDXTmRSultW5dFn7UkBbhaIzdcxjyVvupIAVwg+6P\u002F9k=","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1755116375-isabel-pouliot.jpeg",{"id":3588,"slug":3589,"cName":3590,"cTitle":3591,"cPhoto":3592},"QJsGVA3rQFCY35hPRg4wlA","coralie-martineau","Coralie Martineau","Avocate",{"id":3593,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3594,"height":3570,"responsiveImage":3595,"blurUpThumb":3596,"title":80,"url":3597,"width":3574,"video":80,"format":3575},"GliL45uDQACPjBCdmIs_Kg",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3596},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgXChULDhgVDRYNGhUVFg4YFxkZHRYfFiEdHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0PHC8cFh0vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABgAEQMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQYE\u002F8QAIRAAAQIGAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDAQQFBhFRIUESFBb\u002FxAAYAQEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAQIEAP\u002FEABgRAQEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAhES\u002F9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCvMIW7VSS9Fxm4kY2dSKgpyq8ECqVdUvcqPKHYLOA42\u002F8AZe0DP\u002FRwBFXkpsi\u002FBFX5M9crqV3KjGwDRkRYLzdmAAHq7bf\u002F2Q==","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1755115729-coralie-martineau.jpeg",{"id":3599,"slug":3600,"cName":3601,"cTitle":3591,"cPhoto":3602},"VYPqj7gqRr2IvIgdWMRQQA","veronique-milot","Véronique Milot",{"id":3603,"alt":80,"focalPoint":3604,"height":3570,"responsiveImage":3605,"blurUpThumb":3606,"title":80,"url":3607,"width":3574,"video":80,"format":3575},"NwzVH8jsRu6ayhnT6ChaAQ",{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":3606},"data:image\u002Fjpeg;base64,\u002F9j\u002F4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD\u002F2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLEQoLDhgQDhgNGhsVFQ0aIx8lHBYfFhUaICsjHR0oHSsWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAPHC8dFhwvOy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vOy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL\u002F\u002FAABEIABgAEQMBIgACEQEDEQH\u002FxAAYAAEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgQHBf\u002FEACMQAAEDAwMFAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMEBQYVQVIRExQhURL\u002FxAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAgP\u002FxAAZEQADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIREgP\u002F2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA\u002FAKNKhH31Ophrpmw5PG5Pphpbq2qvX6jMVzu0MWSxpIu4aRdSlJ0bU0BN67SckBeMPiJbFe35jnu2QksprFky9GsX01yIAXCK9G+T1OsnJQAa4gnTP\u002F\u002FZ","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.datocms-assets.com\u002F161919\u002F1755117885-veronique-milot.jpeg",{"id":659,"alt":660,"focalPoint":3609,"height":662,"responsiveImage":3610,"blurUpThumb":664,"title":665,"url":666,"width":667,"video":80,"format":458},{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":664},"Points à retenir","\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Une clause pénale permet aux parties de prévoir à l’avance le montant des dommages pouvant être réclamés en cas d’inexécution contractuelle, conformément aux articles 1622 à 1625 du Code civil du Québec;\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Bien qu’elle puisse protéger le créancier en simplifiant la preuve de l’étendue des dommages, la clause pénale peut également avoir pour effet de limiter l’indemnisation pouvant être obtenue par celui-ci;\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Le montant prévu à une clause pénale peut être réduit par un tribunal dans certaines circonstances, notamment lorsqu’il est jugé abusif;\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>La portée d’une clause pénale doit être analysée attentivement, puisque certains recours ou certains dommages peuvent demeurer disponibles selon les circonstances;\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Une rédaction rigoureuse de la clause pénale est essentielle afin qu’elle reflète adéquatement les risques commerciaux et les objectifs des parties. \u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>","\u003Cp>La clause pénale est une disposition contractuelle par laquelle les parties fixent à l’avance le montant des dommages-intérêts exigibles en cas d'inexécution par l’une des parties. En droit québécois, ce mécanisme est encadré par le \u003Cem>Code civil du Québec\u003C\u002Fem> et soulève des enjeux déterminants autant pour le créancier que pour le débiteur, notamment en matière de plafonnement d'indemnisation et de choix de recours. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Lors de la négociation d’un\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Fdroit-des-affaires\u002Fcontrats-commerciaux\u002F\"> contrat commercial\u003C\u002Fa>, les parties peuvent prévoir à l’avance les conséquences financières d’un éventuel défaut d’exécution par l’une des parties au contrat. La clause pénale constitue un mécanisme fréquemment utilisé à cette fin, puisqu’elle permet de déterminer par anticipation le montant des dommages qui pourront être réclamés en cas d’inexécution contractuelle. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Bien que cette clause soit généralement négociée en amont, son interprétation et son application soulèvent fréquemment des enjeux en matière de \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Flitige\u002Flitige-civil-et-commercial\u002F\">litige civil et commercial\u003C\u002Fa> lorsque survient un différend entre les parties. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Si cette clause offre une certaine prévisibilité et peut simplifier le recours du créancier, elle comporte également des limites. En effet, une clause pénale peut non seulement avantager le créancier en le dispensant de prouver l’étendue de ses dommages, mais elle peut aussi avoir pour effet de limiter l’indemnisation pouvant être obtenue par celui-ci. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Avant d’insérer une clause pénale dans un contrat, il est donc essentiel de bien comprendre sa portée, ses avantages et ses limites. \u003C\u002Fp>",[3615],{"cPagebuilderArticle":3616},[3617,3621,3624,3627,3630,3633],{"_modelApiKey":3618,"id":3619,"cModuleId":429,"cWysiwyg":3620,"cSubtitle":429,"cInternalLink":80},"block_wysiwyg","VfXFJvY6Sr2g4cWVTyUeTw","\u003Ch2>Qu'est-ce qu'une clause pénale? Définition et fonctionnement en droit civil québécois \u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>La clause pénale permet aux parties à un contrat d’établir à l’avance le montant des dommages pouvant être réclamé en cas d’inexécution contractuelle par l’une des parties. Aucune forme particulière n’est requise pour qu’une clause soit considérée comme étant une clause pénale, pour autant que les parties aient voulu prédéterminer le quantum d’un éventuel préjudice et que ce montant soit déterminé ou déterminable. Il est également important de s’assurer que la clause en question n’est pas abusive.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Non seulement la clause pénale permet de cristalliser les dommages et de compenser le créancier à la suite du défaut du débiteur, mais elle peut également avoir une vocation dissuasive en fixant une pénalité contractuelle plus importante que le préjudice anticipé. Advenant une inexécution contractuelle, le créancier peut réclamer l’application de la clause pénale sans avoir à prouver l’étendue des dommages réellement subis. Or, si une clause pénale vise essentiellement à protéger le créancier en le dispensant de prouver l’étendue de son préjudice, elle peut néanmoins limiter la responsabilité contractuelle du débiteur dans certains cas.  \u003C\u002Fp>",{"_modelApiKey":3618,"id":3622,"cModuleId":429,"cWysiwyg":3623,"cSubtitle":429,"cInternalLink":80},"NTM19oAARBmSClggNbksew","\u003Ch2>Le plafond à l’indemnisation et la réduction d’une clause pénale abusive\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>En prévoyant une clause pénale dans un contrat, les parties évaluent par anticipation les dommages que le débiteur sera tenu de payer advenant un défaut. Ce faisant, les parties établissent un plafond à l’indemnisation pouvant être réclamée par le créancier.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>En effet, le créancier ne peut cumuler, pour un même type de dommages, le montant prévu à la clause pénale et des dommages-intérêts compensatoires, et ce, même si les dommages réellement subis s’avèrent plus élevés que le montant prévu à la clause pénale. De même, le créancier ne peut faire fi de la clause pénale et plutôt réclamer compensation pour les dommages réellement subis.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Une clause pénale peut ainsi avoir pour effet de limiter le montant des dommages-intérêts devant être payés par le débiteur. La clause pénale bénéficie donc aux deux parties. La détermination par anticipation du quantum des dommages et sa rédaction prennent alors toute leur importance.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Il importe également de souligner que le montant de la peine stipulée peut être réduit en présence d’une exécution partielle ou en présence d’une clause abusive. \u003C\u002Fp>",{"_modelApiKey":3618,"id":3625,"cModuleId":429,"cWysiwyg":3626,"cSubtitle":429,"cInternalLink":80},"JZge8uo6TYqOg0Ww7od-ew","\u003Ch2>Peut-on réclamer des dommages supplémentaires malgré une clause pénale? \u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>Des dommages supplémentaires peuvent être réclamés dans certains cas. Ce principe bien établi présente néanmoins quelques nuances importantes.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Alors que le créancier ne peut réclamer à la fois le montant prévu à la clause pénale et des dommages-intérêts compensatoires pour une même inexécution, il peut réclamer une indemnisation en sus de la clause pénale pour les dommages non visés par celle-ci.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>De même, le créancier peut cumuler des dommages-intérêts compensatoires et la clause pénale si elle n’a été stipulée que pour compenser le retard dans l’exécution de l’obligation.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>À titre d’exemple, si un \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Fdroit-immobilier\u002Fbaux-commerciaux\u002F\">bail commercial\u003C\u002Fa> contient une clause pénale stipulant qu’en cas de résiliation, le locataire devra payer l’équivalent de six mois de loyer, le locateur ne pourra réclamer, à ce titre, davantage que ces six mois de loyer, même si le local demeure inoccupé par la suite. À l’inverse, le locataire ne pourra prétendre devoir payer moins que six mois de loyer sous prétexte qu’il est en défaut pour moins de six mois de loyer.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Dans de telles circonstances, la clause pénale n’indemnise pas complètement le locateur des dommages réellement subis. Le locateur pourra toutefois réclamer des dommages pour d’autres défauts, tels que la non-remise en état des lieux loués, le cas échéant.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>En revanche, bien que le cumul des recours ne soit pas permis, le créancier peut renoncer à la peine stipulée à la clause pénale et demander l’exécution en nature de l’obligation lorsque celle-ci est possible, c’est-à-dire contraindre le débiteur à remplir complètement sa prestation prévue au contrat. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>L’exécution en nature peut alors offrir une réparation à la hauteur du préjudice véritablement subi par le créancier. Il doit toutefois s’agir d’un cas qui permet de forcer l’exécution en nature de l’obligation, et le contrat ne doit pas avoir été précédemment résilié, la résiliation mettant fin à l’obligation. Soulignons que le créancier demeure tenu à une obligation de mitigation de ses dommages et doit agir de bonne foi.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"_modelApiKey":3618,"id":3628,"cModuleId":429,"cWysiwyg":3629,"cSubtitle":429,"cInternalLink":80},"V9yFC9NKRmaeOJvHJzjCQQ","\u003Ch2>Rédaction d'une clause pénale : pourquoi la précision est déterminante \u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Un mécanisme qui comporte des avantages pour les deux parties \u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Une clause pénale bénéficie aux deux parties au contrat. D’une part, la clause pénale dispense le créancier de prouver et de quantifier ses dommages et peut avoir une visée dissuasive en fixant une pénalité contractuelle plus importante que le préjudice anticipé, sous réserve que le tribunal puisse en réduire le montant s’il la juge abusive. D’autre part, le débiteur cristallise les dommages qu’il devra payer pour un même défaut advenant une inexécution.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Une réflexion nécessaire avant de prévoir ou d’appliquer une clause pénale \u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Or, le principe prohibant le cumul entre l’application de la clause pénale et les dommages-intérêts compensatoires pour une même inexécution peut avoir pour effet de limiter la responsabilité contractuelle du débiteur. Le créancier peut alors ne pas être indemnisé pleinement pour les dommages réellement subis. En effet, lorsque les parties ont convenu d’une clause pénale, elles seront liées par celle-ci et ne pourront réclamer et\u002Fou payer que ce qui est prévu à cette clause, sous réserve de la possibilité que soit exécutée en nature l’obligation.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Il convient donc d’évaluer soigneusement la pertinence d’inclure une clause pénale dans un contrat d’affaires et de faire preuve de prudence lors de sa rédaction et lors de la détermination des dommages par anticipation. De même, confronté à une inexécution contractuelle, il importe d’évaluer tous les recours possibles, dont l’exécution en nature de l’obligation.  \u003C\u002Fp>",{"_modelApiKey":3618,"id":3631,"cModuleId":429,"cWysiwyg":3632,"cSubtitle":429,"cInternalLink":80},"YXVexG62Tvaal_C9WZoGYg","\u003Ch2>Besoin d’accompagnement pour la rédaction ou l’application d’une clause pénale dans vos contrats commerciaux? \u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp>La rédaction d'une clause pénale en droit québécois requiert une analyse rigoureuse de la nature des obligations visées, des risques commerciaux anticipés et des conséquences financières d'un éventuel défaut contractuel. Une clause mal adaptée peut limiter les recours disponibles et les dommages pouvant être recouvrés. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Notre équipe en \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Flitige\u002Flitige-civil-et-commercial\u002F\">litige civil et commercial\u003C\u002Fa> accompagne les clients dans la rédaction, l’interprétation et l’application de leurs clauses contractuelles, ainsi que dans la \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Flitige\u002Farbitrage-et-reglement-des-differends\u002F\">gestion des différends\u003C\u002Fa> découlant d’une inexécution contractuelle. \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Communiquez avec \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fchamps-de-pratique\u002Flitige\u002F\">nos professionnelles et professionnels en litige\u003C\u002Fa> afin d’obtenir des conseils adaptés à votre situation.  \u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Vous pouvez également communiquer directement avec \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fequipe\u002Fstephan-charles-grenon\u002F\">Stéphan-Charles Grenon\u003C\u002Fa>, associé, avocat et chef du groupe de litige, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fequipe\u002Fisabel-pouliot\u002F\">Isabel Pouliot\u003C\u002Fa>, associée et avocate, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fequipe\u002Fcoralie-martineau\u002F\">Coralie Martineau\u003C\u002Fa>, avocate, et \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcf.ca\u002Fequipe\u002Fveronique-milot\u002F\">Véronique Milot\u003C\u002Fa>, avocate, lesquels pratiquent en litige civil et commercial.  \u003C\u002Fp>",{"_modelApiKey":3634,"id":3635,"cModuleId":429,"title":572,"accordion":3636},"block_accordion","Na-v7SwmSrOozF1Bn0yzZw",[3637,3641,3645,3649,3653,3657,3661],{"id":3638,"accordionItemDescription":3639,"accordionItemTitle":3640},"WDAXXCjlTGyTMH4RpIJ7Jw","\u003Cp>Non. Une clause pénale est facultative et résulte d’un choix des parties lors de la négociation d’un contrat. Elle permet de prévoir à l’avance le montant des dommages pouvant être réclamés en cas d’inexécution d’une obligation, ce qui peut offrir une plus grande prévisibilité en cas de différend commercial. \u003C\u002Fp>","Une clause pénale est-elle obligatoire dans un contrat? ",{"id":3642,"accordionItemDescription":3643,"accordionItemTitle":3644},"VR8f9JCnQFar96ghlMHbWQ","\u003Cp>Oui. En droit québécois, un tribunal peut réduire le montant prévu à une clause pénale dans certaines situations, notamment lorsque le montant de la peine est jugé abusif eu égard aux circonstances.  \u003C\u002Fp>","Un tribunal peut-il réduire une clause pénale? ",{"id":3646,"accordionItemDescription":3647,"accordionItemTitle":3648},"IaHKfqoLRfGDvc3H8lr1sg","\u003Cp>Cela dépend de la portée de la clause. En règle générale, une partie ne peut pas cumuler la peine prévue à une clause pénale et des dommages-intérêts compensatoires pour le même préjudice. Une indemnisation supplémentaire peut être possible pour des dommages qui ne sont pas couverts par la clause ou lorsque la clause pénale n'a été stipulée que pour un retard dans l'exécution. \u003C\u002Fp>","Peut-on réclamer des dommages supplémentaires malgré une clause pénale? ",{"id":3650,"accordionItemDescription":3651,"accordionItemTitle":3652},"CcvRFiRFSaartaDuc6mRfA","\u003Cp>La rédaction d'une clause pénale nécessite une analyse des obligations visées, des risques associés à leur inexécution et des conséquences financières qu'un défaut pourrait entraîner. En pratique, il convient de définir clairement l'obligation sanctionnée et de prévoir un montant réaliste au regard du préjudice anticipé. Une clause mal adaptée peut limiter les recours disponibles ou mener à une indemnisation insuffisante. \u003C\u002Fp>","Comment rédiger une clause pénale dans un contrat commercial? ",{"id":3654,"accordionItemDescription":3655,"accordionItemTitle":3656},"H0CnEEv6TI6abvIssGbivA","\u003Cp>La principale différence tient au moment de la fixation et à la preuve requise. La clause pénale est négociée avant la survenance de tout préjudice et dispense le créancier de prouver l'étendue de ses dommages. Les dommages-intérêts compensatoires, en revanche, sont établis après coup et exigent une preuve de l'étendue du préjudice réellement subi. La clause pénale plafonne l'indemnisation à un montant prédéterminé, ce que ne font pas les dommages-intérêts compensatoires. \u003C\u002Fp>","Quelle est la différence entre une clause pénale et des dommages-intérêts compensatoires? ",{"id":3658,"accordionItemDescription":3659,"accordionItemTitle":3660},"awKGMIkET8abnMvm5MC4Ew","\u003Cp>Les avantages pour le créancier incluent la dispense de prouver l’étendue des dommages, la prévisibilité et l'effet dissuasif. En revanche, la clause pénale peut plafonner l'indemnisation en deçà du préjudice réellement subi par le créancier, et son montant peut être réduit par un tribunal s’il est jugé abusif. Une rédaction inadaptée peut ainsi nuire à la partie qu'elle vise à protéger. \u003C\u002Fp>","Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients d'une clause pénale pour le créancier? ",{"id":3662,"accordionItemDescription":3663,"accordionItemTitle":3664},"F_ZFFH9wRvy3ur-kN4rIXw","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"FR-CA\" lang=\"FR-CA\" class=\"TextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">Oui, dans certains cas. La clause pénale interdit le cumul avec des dommages-intérêts compensatoires pour un même\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">préjudice. \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">Ainsi, si les\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> dommages réel\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">lement subis\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> dépassent le montant prévu à la clause\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> pénale\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">, le créancier ne pourra pas en réclamer l'excédent à ce titre. Il pourra toutefois réclamer des dommages pour des\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> défauts\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> non couverts par la clause\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\"> o\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW252590209 BCX0\">u choisir l'exécution en nature si elle est possible.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan class=\"EOP Selected SCXW252590209 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{"134233117":false,"134233118":false,"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559685":0,"335559737":0,"335559738":0,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","Une clause pénale limite-t-elle les recours du créancier? ",[3666,3669],{"locale":3667,"value":3668},"en","penal-clause-double-edged-contractual-tool",{"locale":3670,"value":656},"fr",{"cLegalTextCases":429},[3673,3678,3683,3688],{"__typename":654,"id":702,"slug":704,"cTitle":705,"_createdAt":703,"cImage":3674,"cArticleTypeSelection":3677},{"id":707,"alt":708,"focalPoint":3675,"height":593,"responsiveImage":3676,"blurUpThumb":711,"title":80,"url":712,"width":713,"video":80,"format":609},{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":711},{"id":669,"cTitle":670},{"__typename":654,"id":687,"slug":689,"cTitle":690,"_createdAt":688,"cImage":3679,"cArticleTypeSelection":3682},{"id":692,"alt":693,"focalPoint":3680,"height":695,"responsiveImage":3681,"blurUpThumb":697,"title":80,"url":698,"width":699,"video":80,"format":458},{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":697},{"id":669,"cTitle":670},{"__typename":654,"id":672,"slug":674,"cTitle":675,"_createdAt":673,"cImage":3684,"cArticleTypeSelection":3687},{"id":677,"alt":678,"focalPoint":3685,"height":680,"responsiveImage":3686,"blurUpThumb":682,"title":80,"url":683,"width":684,"video":80,"format":609},{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":682},{"id":669,"cTitle":670},{"__typename":654,"id":716,"slug":718,"cTitle":719,"_createdAt":717,"cImage":3689,"cArticleTypeSelection":3692},{"id":721,"alt":722,"focalPoint":3690,"height":724,"responsiveImage":3691,"blurUpThumb":726,"title":80,"url":727,"width":728,"video":80,"format":609},{"x":82,"y":82},{"base64":726},{"id":669,"cTitle":670},1789670528466]